Contextual and individual determinants of oral health-related quality of life among adolescents

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with oral health-related quality of life in adolescents (OHRQoL). Individual data on adolescents were collected from a secondary database. OHRQoL was measured using the oral impact on daily performance (OIDP) scale. Individual- and city-level variables were selected to represent the structural and intermediate determinants of health. The individual covariates analyzed were sex, age, skin color, maternal education, household income, number of people per room in the housing unit, dental attendance, self-perception of dental needs, untreated dental caries, and gingival bleeding. The contextual variables included the allocation factor, the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini coefficient, illiteracy, unemployment, income, average number of emergency dental visits per inhabitant, access to a sanitary sewer system, garbage collection, primary health care coverage, oral health team coverage, and number of tooth extractions between selected dental procedures and supervised toothbrushing. Unadjusted and adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between contextual and individual variables with overall OIDP scores (STATA version 16.0) - rate ratio (RR) and 95%CI. The mean OIDP score was 0.72 and the prevalence was 31.8%. There was an association between supervised toothbrushing average and the outcome (RR 0.95; 95%CI 0.91-0.99). Moreover, adolescents who lived in municipalities with the highest average number of emergency dental visits per inhabitant showed a higher OIDP. Sex, maternal education, untreated dental caries, and gingival bleeding were associated with OIDP. In addition, intersectoral public policies focusing on the reduction of social inequalities should be on the agenda of policymakers and stakeholders.

Anxiety and depression associated with pain and discomfort of temporomandibular disorders / Ansiedade e depressão associados à dor e desconforto das desordens temporomandibulares

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders includes local and systemic factors, with an emphasis on the occlusal condition, trauma, parafunctional activities, and emotional stress, deriving signs of anxiety and depression. These, in turn, are more likely to develop in the university population, due to the changes required when entering university and the demand for good performance. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between anxiety and depression symptoms and the existence of symptoms associated with temporomandibular disorders in university students. METHODS: An epidemiological, randomized, and cross-sectional clinical study conducted with 100 university students. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Axis II and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires were applied. For the statistical analysis, the Chi-square tests and the Logistic regression model were used. RESULTS: The results of the present study consisted of responses from 79 women and 21 men, with a mean age of 19 years. The following associations were observed: general health status and depression; anxiety and pain in the face/ clicking; habit of grinding/clenching teeth when sleeping, and a "yes" answer to anxiety; discomfort with your teeth and depression; state of anguished/worried about all anxiety issues; depression and thoughts about death, difficulty in breathing and feeling discouraged about the future. CONCLUSION: From the data obtained, it was possible to conclude that the presence of symptoms related to anxiety and depression interfere with the painful symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the addressed population.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A etiologia das disfunções temporomandibulares engloba fatores locais e sistêmicos, destacando-se a condição oclusal, trauma, atividades parafuncionais e estresse emocional, derivando-se os sinais de ansiedade e de depressão. Esses, por sua vez, apresentam maior propensão em se desenvolver na população universitária devido às mudanças exigidas ao ingressar na universidade e a cobrança por um bom desempenho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a correlação de sintomas de ansiedade e de depressão e a existência de sintomas associados às disfunções temporomandibulares em estudantes universitários. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo clínico epidemiológico, aleatório e transversal, cuja amostra foi constituída por 100 estudantes universitários, aos quais foram aplicados os questionários Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders: Eixo II e o Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Para a análise estatística foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado e o Modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Os resultados do presente estudo foram constituídos pelas respostas de 79 mulheres e 21 homens, com média de idade de 19 anos. Foram observadas as seguintes associações: estado de saúde geral e depressão, ansiedade e dor na face/estalos, hábito de ranger/apertar os dentes ao dormir, e resposta "sim" para ansiedade, desconforto com seus dentes e depressão; estado de angustiado/preocupado com todas as questões de ansiedade; depressão e pensamentos sobre morte, dificuldade em respirar e sentir-se desanimado sobre o futuro. CONCLUSÃO: A partir dos dados obtidos foi possível concluir que a presença de sintomas relativos à ansiedade e depressão interferem nos sintomas dolorosos das disfunções temporomandibulares da população abordada.

Effect of different methods of hygiene on the color stability of extrinsically pigmented facial silicone

Evaluate the color stability of facial silicone pigmented extrinsically under the influence of the hygiene process. Methods: 160 samples were prepared and divided into 8 groups (n = 20) according to the pigmentation technique used: Group 1: Colorless silicone; Group 2: Pigmented exclusively with oil ink; Group 3: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier; Group 4: Colorless, applying Prime; Group 5: Pigmented with oil ink covered with Prime; Group 6: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier and covered with Prime; Group 7: Pigmented with oil ink diluted in Prime; Group 8: Pigmented with oil ink + opacifier diluted in Prime. Then the samples were distributed into two subgropus (n=10): 1: neutral soap and 2: 1% hypochlorite solution. The color readings occurred in the initial period and 60 days after the hygiene procedures. For this, it was used a spectrophotometer reflection and CIE-Lab program. The data was tabulated and submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (p <0.05). Results: The groups of samples disinfected with soap showed significantly lower color change values than those presented by the samples disinfected with hypochlorite. The best results were presented by the group of samples pigmented with oil ink diluted in prime and sanitized with neutral soap (ΔE=1.21, without opacifier and ΔE=0.82, with opacifier). Conclusions: The association of oil ink diluted in prime and hygiene technique with soap promotes the lower color change of facial silicone pigmented extrinsically

Systemic Trans- and Postoperative Evaluations of Patients Undergoing Dental Implant Surgery

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to examine the trans- and postoperative systemic characteristics of patients undergoing dental implant surgery and to investigate the relationship between pre- and post- surgery anxiety levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were analyzed in 3 call centers to determine anxiety levels, pain levels, and preoperative and postoperative histories using the State-Trait (STAI) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 93 dental implants were installed, with a success rate of 100%. The most frequently reported systemic disease was hypertension. There was a significantly higher rate of effective clamping (torque) to the mandibular bone than to the maxillary bone. The association between postoperative surgical complications and longer operative time was not significant, but there was a significant correlation between the alteration of mouth opening and daily routine activities and a significant decrease in anxiety levels between the day of surgery and the postoperative time point (p =0.006). CONCLUSION: A longer surgical time was associated with surgery-related complications and with a higher anxiety index on the preoperative evaluation.

Avaliação da adesão de Staphylococcus spp. em resina acrílica específica para prótese ocular e alteração de cor de botões de íris artificiais, variando a cor e as técnicas de obtenção, ambos após desinfecção química / Evaluation of Staphylococcus spp adhesion ocular prosthesis acrylic resin and chromatic change of artificial iris buttons fabricated with different techniques and colors after chemical disinfection

As próteses oculares são responsáveis pela recuperação da estética e auto-estima do usuário. Assim, os materiais utilizados na confecção de prótese ocular devem possuir propriedades específicas para sua indicação e durabilidade principalmente aos procedimentos de desinfecção pelo paciente. Desse modo, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade de diferentes soluções desinfetantes na remoção de biofilme de duas espécies de Staphylococcus spp., desenvolvidas na superfície de resina acrílica específica para prótese ocular e avaliar a alteração de cor de botões de íris artificiais confeccionadas por diferentes técnicas antes e após a polimerização e quando influenciadas pela desinfecção química. Para o teste de microbiologia, 396 amostras em resina acrílica para prótese ocular N1 foram confeccionadas (1,0 cm em diâmetro e 0,3 cm em espessura), sendo metade dessas amostras para formação de biofilme de S. epidermidis e a outra metade para formação de biofilme de S. aureus, ambos na superfície da amostra. Para cada cepa bacterina, 66 amostras foram submetidas a formação de biofilme em sua superfície durante três diferentes tempos: inicial (24h), intermediário (48h) e maduro (72h). Em seguida as amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente (unidade amostral n=6) para um dos tratamentos desinfetantes: água destilada durante 10, 15, 30 min e 6 h (controle-CTL); sabão neutro (NES) durante 30 min; Opti-Free durante 30 min e 6 h; Efferdent (EFF) durante 15 min; e gluconato de clorexidina (0,5%; 2% e 4%) (CHX) durante 10 min. Após o tratamento desinfetante, as amostras acrílicas foram imediatamente agitadas para desprendimento do biofilme. A contagem de colônias foi verificada por análise do número de UFC/mL. Para a análise de alteração de cor 300 amostras simulando próteses oculares foram confeccionadas, sendo metade dessas amostras com íris artificial na cor azul e a outra metade na cor marrom. Para cada cor, cinquenta amostras de cada técnica empregada...

Considering that ocular prostheses restore esthetics and patient’s self-esteem, the materials used for prosthesis fabrication should present appropriate properties regarding indication and reliability after the disinfection procedures. So, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different disinfectant solutions against two species of Staphylococcus spp. cultured on ocular prosthesis acrylic resin. In addition, the chromatic change of artificial iris buttons fabricated with different techniques was also evaluated before and after polymerization and disinfection. For the microbiology tests 396 acrylic specimens were fabricated (1.0 cm in diameter and 0.3 cm in thickness). Half of the samples were made for biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and half were made for biofilm formation of S. aureus, both on the sample surface. For each strain, 66 samples were underwent to biofilm formation on the liner surface for three different points: initial (24h), intermediate (48h) and mature (72h). Afterwards the specimens were randomly assigned (unit sample n = 6) to one of disinfectant treatments: distilled water for 10, 15, 30 min and 6 h (control-CTL); treated with neutral soap (NES) for 30 min; treated with Opti-Free (OPT) for 30 min and 6 h; treated with Efferdent (EFF) for 15 min; and treated with (0.5%, 2% and 4%) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 10 min. After the treatments, the specimens were vortexed to disrupt the biofilm, and residual cells were counted (cell/mL). For the color meansurations a total of 300 samples simulating ocular prosthesis were fabricated. Half of the samples were made with blue artificial irises, and half were made with brown artificial irises. For each color, 50 samples were fabricated according to one of the following techniques: PE – conventional technique, CA – prefabricated cap, and PI – inverted painting. A total of 10 specimens of each technique was submitted to disinfection with neutral soap (NES), Opti-Free (OPF)...

Avaliação da adesão de Staphylococcus spp. em resina acrílica específica para prótese ocular e alteração de cor de botões de íris artificiais, variando a cor e as técnicas de obtenção, ambos após desinfecção química / Evaluation of Staphylococcus spp adhesion ocular prosthesis acrylic resin and chromatic change of artificial iris buttons fabricated with different techniques and colors after chemical disinfection

As próteses oculares são responsáveis pela recuperação da estética e auto-estima do usuário. Assim, os materiais utilizados na confecção de prótese ocular devem possuir propriedades específicas para sua indicação e durabilidade principalmente aos procedimentos de desinfecção pelo paciente. Desse modo, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a efetividade de diferentes soluções desinfetantes na remoção de biofilme de duas espécies de Staphylococcus spp., desenvolvidas na superfície de resina acrílica específica para prótese ocular e avaliar a alteração de cor de botões de íris artificiais confeccionadas por diferentes técnicas antes e após a polimerização e quando influenciadas pela desinfecção química. Para o teste de microbiologia, 396 amostras em resina acrílica para prótese ocular N1 foram confeccionadas (1,0 cm em diâmetro e 0,3 cm em espessura), sendo metade dessas amostras para formação de biofilme de S. epidermidis e a outra metade para formação de biofilme de S. aureus, ambos na superfície da amostra. Para cada cepa bacterina, 66 amostras foram submetidas a formação de biofilme em sua superfície durante três diferentes tempos: inicial (24h), intermediário (48h) e maduro (72h). Em seguida as amostras foram distribuídas aleatoriamente (unidade amostral n=6) para um dos tratamentos desinfetantes: água destilada durante 10, 15, 30 min e 6 h (controle-CTL); sabão neutro (NES) durante 30 min; Opti-Free durante 30 min e 6 h; Efferdent (EFF) durante 15 min; e gluconato de clorexidina (0,5%; 2% e 4%) (CHX) durante 10 min. Após o tratamento desinfetante, as amostras acrílicas foram imediatamente agitadas para desprendimento do biofilme. A contagem de colônias foi verificada por análise do número de UFC/mL. Para a análise de alteração de cor 300 amostras simulando próteses oculares foram confeccionadas, sendo metade dessas amostras com íris artificial na cor azul e a outra metade na cor marrom. Para cada cor, cinquenta amostras de cada técnica empregada...

Considering that ocular prostheses restore esthetics and patient’s self-esteem, the materials used for prosthesis fabrication should present appropriate properties regarding indication and reliability after the disinfection procedures. So, the aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different disinfectant solutions against two species of Staphylococcus spp. cultured on ocular prosthesis acrylic resin. In addition, the chromatic change of artificial iris buttons fabricated with different techniques was also evaluated before and after polymerization and disinfection. For the microbiology tests 396 acrylic specimens were fabricated (1.0 cm in diameter and 0.3 cm in thickness). Half of the samples were made for biofilm formation of S. epidermidis and half were made for biofilm formation of S. aureus, both on the sample surface. For each strain, 66 samples were underwent to biofilm formation on the liner surface for three different points: initial (24h), intermediate (48h) and mature (72h). Afterwards the specimens were randomly assigned (unit sample n = 6) to one of disinfectant treatments: distilled water for 10, 15, 30 min and 6 h (control-CTL); treated with neutral soap (NES) for 30 min; treated with Opti-Free (OPT) for 30 min and 6 h; treated with Efferdent (EFF) for 15 min; and treated with (0.5%, 2% and 4%) chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) for 10 min. After the treatments, the specimens were vortexed to disrupt the biofilm, and residual cells were counted (cell/mL). For the color meansurations a total of 300 samples simulating ocular prosthesis were fabricated. Half of the samples were made with blue artificial irises, and half were made with brown artificial irises. For each color, 50 samples were fabricated according to one of the following techniques: PE – conventional technique, CA – prefabricated cap, and PI – inverted painting. A total of 10 specimens of each technique was submitted to disinfection with neutral soap (NES), Opti-Free (OPF)...

Planejamento em reabilitação oral: restabelecimentoda relação intermaxilar por meio de prótese provisóriaoverlay / Oral rehabilitation planning: restoring the jaw relationship by using an interim overlay denture

Este trabalho descreve o planejamento e confecçãode prótese overlay para restabelecer arelação intermaxilar em paciente parcialmentedentado com bruxismo. Paciente do sexo masculino,com 51 anos de idade, compareceu parareabilitação oral queixando-se da dificuldade demastigação e estética. O paciente apresentavaalto grau de desgaste oclusal nos dentes remanescentesda arcada superior. O planejamentofoi a confecção de prótese overlay provisóriasuperior para restabelecimento da relação intermaxilar.Após a instalação da prótese overlaycom projeções metálicas e recobrimento oclusalem todos os dentes, as alterações na função eestética apresentaram-se clinicamente satisfatóriaspara o paciente. Pode-se verificar com ouso da prótese melhora na posição fisiológicanormal para posterior reabilitação oral definitivapor meio de próteses fixas sobre implante.

The present article describes the treatmentplanning and fabrication of overlay denture torestore the jaw relationship in a partial edentulouspatient with bruxism. A male patient,51 years old, was referred to the oral rehabilitationclinic complaining about the chewingand aesthetic. The occlusal surface of the superiorteeth presented severe wear. The fabricationof an interim overlay denture to restorethe jaw relationship was planned. The overlayhad metallic projections and covered the occlusalsurface of superior teeth. After overlayinsertion both function and aesthetic of thepatient were recovered. It was concluded thatthe use of overlay improved the physiologicalnormal position of the jaw and could providea favorable prognosis for a definitive oralrehabilitation with implant-supported fixeddenture.

Considerações relevantes na seleção de dentes artificiais / Relevant considerations to select artificial denture teeth

Atualmente a busca pela estética em próteses removíveis é considerada um fator de sucesso clínico. Associada a isso, a seleção dos dentes artificiais e caracterização de próteses têm sido baseadas principalmente na harmonia facial e fatores culturais, que se modificam ao logo do tempo. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou discutir as formas de seleção dos dentes artificiais diante de variáveis como forma do rosto, cor da pele, cor do cabelo, cor dos olhos, além da cor, forma e tamanho dos dentes artificiais, sexo, idade, e estruturas anatômicas relevantes na composição estética das próteses removíveis

Nowadays the search for aesthetic in removable dentures is considered a success clinical factor. Besides, both the selection of artificial denture teeth and the characterization of dentures have been based on the facial harmony and cultural factors. But these factors change over time. Therefore, the present study aimed to discuss the selection of artificial denture teeth in relation to patient’s variables such as face shape, skin color, hair color, eye color, age and gender. Moreover, artificial denture teeth’ color, shape and size were presented

Evaluation of the color stability of two techniquesfor reproducing artificial irides after microwave polymerization

The use of ocular prostheses for ophthalmic patients aims to rebuild facial aesthetics and provide an artificial substitute to the visual organ. Natural intemperate conditions promote discoloration of artificial irides and many studies have attempted to produce irides with greater chromatic paint durability using different paint materials. OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated the color stability of artificial irides obtained with two techniques (oil painting and digital image) and submitted to microwave polymerization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty samples were fabricated simulating ocular prostheses. each sample was constituted by one disc of acrylic resin N1 and one disc of colorless acrylic resin with the iris interposed between the discs. The irides in brown and blue color were obtained by oil painting or digital image. The color stability was determined by a reflection spectrophotometer and measurements were taken before and after microwave polymerization. Statistical analysis of the techniques for reproducing artificial irides was performed by applying the normal data distribution test followed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: Chromatic alterations occurred in all specimens and statistically significant differences were observed between the oil-painted samples and those obtained by digital imaging. There was no statistical difference between the brown and blue colors. Independently of technique, all samples suffered color alterations after microwave polymerization. CONCLUSION: The digital imaging technique for reproducing irides presented better color stability after microwave polymerization.

Influência da desinfecção química e do tempo de armazenagem sobre as propriedades físicas das próteses oculares / Influence of chemical disinfection and storage time on physical properties of ocular prosthesis

As próteses oculares são responsáveis pela recuperação da estética e auto-estima do usuário. Assim, os materiais utilizados na confecção de prótese ocular devem possuir propriedades específicas para sua indicação e durabilidade. Desse modo, é importante avaliar o comportamento destes materiais quando influenciados por diversas soluções desinfetantes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a microdureza, rugosidade superficial e alteração de cor de próteses oculares sobre a influência dadesinfecção química e armazenagem. Foram confeccionadas 50 amostras simulando próteses oculares contendo duas resinas acrílicas (N1 e incolor), distribuídas em cinco grupos de acordo com o desinfetante utilizado: sabão neutro (I), opti-free (II), efferdent (III), hipoclorito a 1% (IV) e clorexidina a 4% (V). As amostras foram armazenadas por 120 dias, sendo desinfetadas durante este período. As leituras de microdureza, rugosidade e cor das amostras foram realizadas em um período inicial (B) e após 60 (T1) e 120 (T2) dias de armazenagem com desinfecção. A microdureza foi mensurada por meio de um microdurômetro, e a rugosidade determinada por um rugosímetro. A leitura de cor foi realizada por meio da espectrofotometria de reflexão, usando o sistema CIE L*a*b*. A alteração de cor (ΔE) foi calculada para os períodos entre T1 e B (T1B), e T2 e B (T2B). Pelos resultados obtidos a resina N1 para esclera apresentou menor microdureza estatisticamente significante, comparada a resina incolor (P<0,05). A maior alteração dos valores de microdureza e rugosidade foi obtida para os grupos IV e V. Ambos os períodos de desinfecção e armazenagem produziram alterações significativas (P<0,05) nas amostras com diminuição dos valores de microdureza e aumento dos valores de rugosidade. Todas as íris artificiais apresentaram alteração de cor. O período T2B apresentou maiores valores de alteração de cor. Não houve diferença significante de alteração de cor das amostras entre os desinfetantes. Pode-se...

Ocular prostheses are responsible to restore not only patient’s aesthetic but also its self-esteem. The materials used to fabricate the ocular prostheses should present specific properties regarding its indication and durability. Therefore, it is important to investigate the physical behavior of such materials when subjected to different disinfectant solutions. This study evaluated the microhardness, surface roughness and color stability of ocular prostheses under the influence of different chemical disinfectant solutions and storage. A total of 50 samples simulating an ocular prosthesis containing two acrylic resins (N1 and colorless) were fabricated. They were divided into five groups as a function of disinfectant solution: neutral soap (I), opti-free (II), efferdent (III), 1% hypochlorite (IV) and 4% chlorhexidine (V). Samples were storage during 120 days, and they were disinfected throughout the period. Microhardness, roughness and color measurements were performed at baseline (B), after 60 (T1) and 120 (T2) days of storage with disinfection. The microharness and the roughness measurements were evaluated using a microdurometer and a roughness meter, respectively. Samples colors were measured with spectrophotometer using CIE L*a*b* system. Color differences (ΔE*) were calculated for periods between T1 and B (T1B), and T2 and B (T2B). The N1 acrylic resin exhibited statistically lower microhardness when compared to the colorless acrylic resin (P<0.05). The highest microhardness and roughness alterations were observed for groups IV and V. Both disinfection and storage periods statistically reduced the microhadness values and increased the roughness values of the samples (P<0.05). Color alteration was observed in all artificial irises. No statistical significant difference on color stability of the samples was observed among the disinfectants. It was concluded that the microharness and surface roughness values of the samples were within acceptable clinical...

Chromatic stability of acrylic resins of artificial eyes submitted to accelerated aging and polishing

Esthetics and durability of materials used to fabricate artificial eyes has been an important issue since artificial eyes are essential to restore esthetics and function, protect the remaining tissues and help with patients' psychological therapy. However, these materials are submitted to degrading effects of environmental agents on the physical properties of the acrylic resin. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the color stability of acrylic resins used to fabricate sclera in three basic shades (N1, N2 and N3) when subjected to accelerated aging, mechanical and chemical polishing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens of each resin were fabricated and submitted to mechanical and chemical polishing. Chromatic analysis was performed before and after accelerated aging through ultraviolet reflection spectrophotometry. RESULTS: All specimens revealed color alteration following polishing and accelerated aging. The resins presented statistically significant chromatic alteration (p<0.01) between the periods of 252 and 1008 h. CONCLUSIONS: Both polishing methods presented no significant difference between the values of color derivatives of resins.

Hardness evaluation of prosthetic silicones containing opacifiers following chemical disinfection and accelerated aging

We evaluated the effects of disinfection and aging on the hardness of silicones containing opacifiers and intended for use in facial prosthetics. A total of 90 samples were produced using a cylindrical metal mold 3 mm in height and 30 mm in diameter. The samples were fabricated from Silastic MDX 4-4210 silicone in three groups: GI contained no opacifier, GII contained barium sulfate (Ba), and GIII contained titanium dioxide (Ti). The samples were disinfected using effervescent tablets (Ef), neutral soap (Ns), or 4 percent chlorhexidine (Cl) 3 times a week for 60 days. After this period the samples underwent 1,008 hours of accelerated aging. The hardness was measured using a durometer immediately following the disinfection period and after 252, 504, and 1,008 hours of aging. The data were statistically analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (p < .05). The GIII group exhibited the greatest variation in hardness regardless of elapsed time. All groups displayed greater hardness after 1,008 hours of accelerated aging independent of disinfectant type. All of the hardness values were within the clinically acceptable range.

La enseñanza de bioestadística en las facultades de odontología de Brasil: Presente o ausente?

El Instituto Nacional de Estudio e Investigación del Ministerio de Educación afirmó tener 169 facultades de odontología en el 2006. En la facultad de odontología de Araçatuba, UNESP, la disciplina de Bioestadística está incluida en el curso con 90 horas de crédito por un año. La interrelación con otros profesores fue desarrollada usando la base de datos de campos odontológicos diferentes. El objetivo de esta pesquisa es examinar la enseñanza de bioestadística en todas las facultades de odontología de Brasil. La metodología aplicada fue enviar el cuestionario a todos los coordinadores de los cursos. Dando como resultado 80 cuestionarios respondidos, 48 indicaron la inclusión de bioestadística en sus programas curriculares. Solamente en 3 escuelas la Bioestadística es enseñada durante todo el año de "61 a 90" horas. La enseñanza de Bioestadística debe ser incentivada en todas las facultades de odontología en Brasil, de modo que, pueda despertar el interés de estas, con respecto a la inclusión de la disciplina de bioestadística en su programa curricular.

The National Institute of Study and Research of the Ministry of Education in Brazil states that there are 169 Schools of Dentistry in 2006. At the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP, Brazil, this Biostatistics discipline is included in the course with 90 credit hours a year. An interrelationship with other professors has been developed for some years using database of different dental fields. The aim of this research is to get acquainted with the teaching of Biostatics at schools of dentistry in Brazil. The methodology applied was to send the questionnaire to all the coordinators of the courses. As for the result of 80 questionnaires answered, 48 stated the inclusion of Biostatistics in their program studies. Only in 3 schools Biostatistics is taught all over the year in "61 to 90" hours. The conclusion is that the teaching of Biostatistics must be incentivated in all schools of dentistry in Brazil.

Effects of thermocycling on mechanical properties of soft lining materials / Influencia del termociclado sobre las propiedades físicas de los materiales softs para rebasado

Soft linings are materials used to reduce the tension and forces of mastication, forming all or part of the fitting surface of a denture. This study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on waterabsorption, solubility, Shore A hardness and color stability of permanent soft liner materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two chemically activated soft liner materials (Sofreliner S; GC Reline Ultrasoft) were tested. Twenty cylindrical specimens (30.0 x 1.0 mm) were prepared for measuring water absorption and solubility and another twenty (30.0 x 3 mm) for analyzing Shore A hardness and color stability. Color was measured by a spectrophotometer before and after 2000 thermocycles. A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey test at a 5% confidence level (p<0.05) were performed. RESULTS: The results did not show statistical differences for water absorption, solubility or color stability. The post-thermocycling Shore A hardness values were significantlyhigher than those before the treatment. CONCLUSION: Thermocycling of soft liner materials increased Shore A hardness.

Objetivo: Los materiales para rebasado tienen como propósito disminuir la tensión, la presión masticatoria en los tejidos de soporte y aumentar la retención de la dentadura, además de serindicados para prótesis buco-maxilo-faciales. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del termociclado en los materiales para rebasado blandos considerados definitivos y evaluar lasalteraciones en relación a la absorción de agua, solubilidad, dureza Shore A y estabilidad de color. Materiales y Métodos: Dos materiales para rebasado blandos definitivos (Sofreliner S y GC Reline Ultrasoft) fueron examinados. Fueron confeccionados 20 muestras, midiendo 30 mm de diámetro x 1 mm deespesor, aquellos destinados al test de absorción y solubilidad y 20 muestras con 30 mm de diámetro x 3 mm de espesor para dureza y estabilidad de color. Fueron realizados los tests deabsorción y solubilidad. La dureza fue medida en un durometroy la estabilidad de color por medio de un spectrofotómetro en los periodos inicial y después de 2000 ciclos de termociclaje. Una vez obtenidos los datos, estos fueron submetidos al análisis de varianza (ANOVA) seguido por el test Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados:En relación a la absorción, solubilidad y estabilidad de color no hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre losmateriales, en relación al test de dureza fue constatada una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los periodos y los materiales examinados. Conclusión: El termociclaje no interfirióen la absorción, solubilidad y estabilidad de color de los materiales evaluados, sin embargo interfirió de forma significativaen la dureza Shore A. Los materiales tuvieron sus valores promedios de dureza aumentados después del termociclaje.